Through phase change toughening technology, the fracture toughness can reach 8–10 MPa·m^1/2, with excellent impact resistance.

Mohs hardness ≥ 8.5, and wear resistance is over 15 times that of stainless steel, making it suitable for high-frequency friction scenarios.

High bending strength: can reach ≥ 1200 MPa, with compressive strength ≥ 2.0 GPa.

The long-term operating temperature ranges from 800 to 1400°C (depending on the type of stabilizer), with a high strength retention rate at elevated temperatures.

It exhibits chemical inertness, resisting strong acids (except for hydrofluoric acid), strong bases, and organic solvents, and shows no corrosion in biological fluids and high-temperature steam.

With low thermal conductivity, it is suitable for insulation components, thereby reducing thermal transfer losses.

High insulation properties, with a room temperature resistivity of ≥ 10¹⁰ Ω·cm, suitable for electronic insulation components.

Also possesses ionic conductivity with oxygen ion conductivity at high temperatures, used as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells.